PICOT Question: In acute care inpatients (P), does hand hygiene (I) compared to no intervention (C) reduce the rate of hospital acquired infections (O) within 6 months? (T)
| Criteria | Article 1 | Article 2 | Article 3 |
| APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink | Haverstick, S., Goodrich, C., Freeman, R., James, S., Kullar, R., & Ahrens, M. (2017). Patients’ hand washing and reducing hospital-acquired infection. Critical care nurse, 37(3), e1-e8. https://doi.org/10.4037/ccn2017694 | Sickbert-Bennett, E. E., DiBiase, L. M., Willis, T. M., Wolak, E. S., Weber, D. J., & Rutala, W. A. (2016). Reduction of Healthcare-Associated Infections by Exceeding High Compliance with Hand Hygiene Practices. Emerging infectious diseases, 22(9), 1628–1630. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2209.151440
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Herbeć, A., Chimhini, G., Rosenberg-Pacareu, J., Sithole, K., Rickli, F., Chimhuya, S., … & Fitzgerald, F. C. (2020). Barriers and facilitators to infection prevention and control in a neonatal unit in Zimbabwe–a theory-driven qualitative study to inform design of a behaviour change intervention. Journal of Hospital Infection. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.09.020 |
| How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question? | It provides evidence-based information on hand hygiene essential in answering the PICOT question. | Provides literature for understanding my topic of interest. | Informs on the designation of behavior change interventions such as hand hygiene to reduce HAIs |
| Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know?) | It is a quantitative research. It uses statistical data and research methods | Qualitative, uses observation | Qualitative, uses non-statistical data |
| Purpose Statement | The article seeks to investigate how patients hand washing reduces HAIs | The study determines the reduction of Healthcare-Associated Infections by Exceeding High Compliance with Hand Hygiene Practices | The study provides an understanding of the drivers of prevention interventions to improve infection prevention and control (IPC). |
| Research Question | Does increased access to hand hygiene products and patient education improve patients’ hand hygiene and reduce the transmission of HAIs? | Does increased hand hygiene compliance decrease healthcare-associated infection rate? | What are the barriers/facilitators to IPC in a neonatal unit in Harare, Zimbabwe? |
| Outcome | There are significant correlations between hand hygiene and rates of infection after intervention | Hand hygiene reduces HAI rates. | Enablers improve prevention of HAIs |
| Setting
(Where did the study take place?) |
adult 36-bed Cardiothoracic postsurgical step-down unit | University of North Carolina Hospitals | Neonatal and maternity units |
| Sample | N-54 patients
n-33 staff |
n-4,000 | Sample: N=15 (N = 4 physicians, N = 4 general nurses, N = 6 nurse midwives, N = 1 cleaner) |
| Method | Mixed method involved anonymous 6-question survey for staff and patients in form of a questionnaire | Longitudinal | Interviews, ethnographic observations |
| Key Findings of the Study | After the implementation of hand hygiene interventions, rates of both infections declined significantly and patients reported more staff offering opportunities for and encouraging hand hygiene | There was a significantly increased hand hygiene compliance rate (p<0.001) and a significantly decreased healthcare-associated infection rate (p = 0.0066). | Enablers: awareness of IPC improves prevention of HAIs.
Barriers: lack of resources, no formal feedback on performance, limited knowledge of guidelines discourage compliance to positive practices. |
| Recommendations of the Researcher |
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