This paper should clearly and comprehensively identify the chronic health disease chosen. The paper should be organized into the following sections: Introduction (Identification of the problem) with a clear presentation of the problem as well as the significance and a scholarly overview of the paper?s content. No heading is used for the Introduction per APA 6th edition. Background and Significance of the disease, to include: Definition, description, signs and symptoms, and current incidence and/or prevalence statistics by state with a comparison to national statistics pertaining to the disease. Create a table of incidence or prevalence rates by your geographic county/city or state with a comparison to national statistics. Use the APA text for formatting guidelines (tables). This is a table that you create using relevant data, it should not be a table from another source using copy/paste. Surveillance and Reporting: Current surveillance methods and mandated reporting processes. Epide
Epidemiology: Personality Disorders
Evidence has shown that personality disorders are more common than previously thought. Personality disorders span a variety of types, with some more rare and less studied than others. Often personality disorders are paired with other illnesses or may be the cause of another mental illness such as substance abuse. The prevalence of personality disorders may be as low as 4 percent or has high as 12 percent, yet they often go undiagnosed too. Nurse Practitioners should understand the diagnosis and treatment of the most common types of personality disorders and their epidemiology so they can promote early diagnosis and treatment, and can develop useful interventions to help populations that may not have access to specialized treatment programs for personality disorders.
Background and Significance
Skodol (2018) of Merck Manual: Professional Version defines personality disorders as pervasive and enduring patterns of perception, reaction and relation to others and the environment that cause dysfunction, distress and/or impairment (Skodol, 2018). Several different types of personality disorders exist and vary in their expressions. However, they all are believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Most personality disorders first appear around adolescence into young adulthood, and often become gradually less severe with age. Traits of the disorder may remain in some degree for the person’s entire life. Personality disorders are diagnosed clinically and treated with psychological and/or drug therapy (Skodol, 2018). People who have personality disorders may not understand that they do. Instead, they may seek psychological help for the distress that their disorder causes them.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) lists 10 different types of personality disorders. Many people are diagnosed with more than one type. The DSM-5 clusters the 10 personality disorder types into three categories. Cluster A is characterized by odd or eccentric behavior such as paranoia characterized by mistrust and suspicion, schizoid behavior, or disinterest in others, and schizotypal or eccentric ideas and behavior. Cluster B is characterized by behavior that is dramatic, emotional or erratic. It includes antisocial behavior such as social irresponsibility, disregard for others, deceitfulness, and manipulation of others for personal gain. Borderline antisocial behavior a cluster B disorder is an intolerance for being alone and an imbalance in emotions, histrionic or attention seeking behavior, and narcissism is an underlying imbalance of a fragile self-esteem and outward grandiosity. Cluster C is characterized by anxious and/or fearful behavior including avoidance of interpersonal contact out of fear of rejection, dependency or submissiveness and a need to be taken care of, and obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) characterized by perfectionism, rigidity and obstinacy (Skodol, 2018). The antisocial and borderline personality disorders will usually lessen with age, but others such as OCD or schizotypal usually do not.
Personality disorders are generally problems with self-identity and interpersonal functioning. Self-identity issues include self-image, inconsistencies in values, goals and appearance. For instance, some people with self-identity personality disorder may want others to see them as religious and pious, but when they feel they are safe, they will engage in behavior that they themselves would condemn in their pious personality iteration such as swearing, drinking excessively and/or having casual and/or extramarital sex. Those with personality disorders that have interpersonal functioning problems have trouble making and maintaining relationships with others. They often are unable to empathize with others, and are inconsistent, confusing and frustrating to other people including the professionals who treat them. People with interpersonal functioning personality disorders may not understand boundaries. Their self-esteem may be high or low and they may be detached, over emotional, abusive and irresponsible (Skodol, 2018).
Personality disorders span socioeconomic status, class, race and gender although there are some distinctions in gender. For instance, Skodol (2018) says that approximately 10 percent of the population and half the patients in psychiatric hospitals have personality disorders. Men have antisocial personality disorders at a ratio of 6:1 over women, but in borderline personality disorders, women outnumber men 3:1; however, the later statistic is only in clinical settings. Heritability is thought to be about 50 percent, which refutes the belief that personality disorders are character flaws caused by an adverse environment (Skodol, 2018).
This paper should clearly and comprehensively identify the chronic health disease chosen. The paper should be organized into the following sections: Introduction (Identification of the problem) with a clear presentation of the problem as well as the significance and a scholarly overview of the paper?s content. No heading is used for the Introduction per APA 6th edition. Background and Significance of the disease, to include: Definition, description, signs and symptoms, and current incidence and/or prevalence statistics by state with a comparison to national statistics pertaining to the disease. Create a table of incidence or prevalence rates by your geographic county/city or state with a comparison to national statistics. Use the APA text for formatting guidelines (tables). This is a table that you create using relevant data, it should not be a table from another source using copy/paste. Surveillance and Reporting: Current surveillance methods and mandated reporting processes. Epide
Epidemiology: Personality Disorders
Evidence has shown that personality disorders are more common than previously thought. Personality disorders span a variety of types, with some more rare and less studied than others. Often personality disorders are paired with other illnesses or may be the cause of another mental illness such as substance abuse. The prevalence of personality disorders may be as low as 4 percent or has high as 12 percent, yet they often go undiagnosed too. Nurse Practitioners should understand the diagnosis and treatment of the most common types of personality disorders and their epidemiology so they can promote early diagnosis and treatment, and can develop useful interventions to help populations that may not have access to specialized treatment programs for personality disorders.
Background and Significance
Skodol (2018) of Merck Manual: Professional Version defines personality disorders as pervasive and enduring patterns of perception, reaction and relation to others and the environment that cause dysfunction, distress and/or impairment (Skodol, 2018). Several different types of personality disorders exist and vary in their expressions. However, they all are believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Most personality disorders first appear around adolescence into young adulthood, and often become gradually less severe with age. Traits of the disorder may remain in some degree for the person’s entire life. Personality disorders are diagnosed clinically and treated with psychological and/or drug therapy (Skodol, 2018). People who have personality disorders may not understand that they do. Instead, they may seek psychological help for the distress that their disorder causes them.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) lists 10 different types of personality disorders. Many people are diagnosed with more than one type. The DSM-5 clusters the 10 personality disorder types into three categories. Cluster A is characterized by odd or eccentric behavior such as paranoia characterized by mistrust and suspicion, schizoid behavior, or disinterest in others, and schizotypal or eccentric ideas and behavior. Cluster B is characterized by behavior that is dramatic, emotional or erratic. It includes antisocial behavior such as social irresponsibility, disregard for others, deceitfulness, and manipulation of others for personal gain. Borderline antisocial behavior a cluster B disorder is an intolerance for being alone and an imbalance in emotions, histrionic or attention seeking behavior, and narcissism is an underlying imbalance of a fragile self-esteem and outward grandiosity. Cluster C is characterized by anxious and/or fearful behavior including avoidance of interpersonal contact out of fear of rejection, dependency or submissiveness and a need to be taken care of, and obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) characterized by perfectionism, rigidity and obstinacy (Skodol, 2018). The antisocial and borderline personality disorders will usually lessen with age, but others such as OCD or schizotypal usually do not.
Personality disorders are generally problems with self-identity and interpersonal functioning. Self-identity issues include self-image, inconsistencies in values, goals and appearance. For instance, some people with self-identity personality disorder may want others to see them as religious and pious, but when they feel they are safe, they will engage in behavior that they themselves would condemn in their pious personality iteration such as swearing, drinking excessively and/or having casual and/or extramarital sex. Those with personality disorders that have interpersonal functioning problems have trouble making and maintaining relationships with others. They often are unable to empathize with others, and are inconsistent, confusing and frustrating to other people including the professionals who treat them. People with interpersonal functioning personality disorders may not understand boundaries. Their self-esteem may be high or low and they may be detached, over emotional, abusive and irresponsible (Skodol, 2018).
Personality disorders span socioeconomic status, class, race and gender although there are some distinctions in gender. For instance, Skodol (2018) says that approximately 10 percent of the population and half the patients in psychiatric hospitals have personality disorders. Men have antisocial personality disorders at a ratio of 6:1 over women, but in borderline personality disorders, women outnumber men 3:1; however, the later statistic is only in clinical settings. Heritability is thought to be about 50 percent, which refutes the belief that personality disorders are character flaws caused by an adverse environment (Skodol, 2018).