Check Knowledge Scenarios
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Check Knowledge Scenarios
Scenario 1 Peptic Ulcer Disease
Question 1
The patients have been using ibuprofen, which is categorized as inflammatory drugs. This drug is the most cause of peptic ulcers. The patient was also reported to have been smoking tobacco, excessive caffeine, drinking alcohol, and psychological stress on managing his families. All these factors may have led to the development of peptic ulcer disease.
Question 2
Ibuprofen drugs contribute to peptic ulcer development by interfering with the patient’s stomach ability to protect itself from gastric acid corrosion. Tobacco smoking destroys gastroduodenal mucosa risking the stomach to PUD, while ethanol in alcohol led to gastric irritation, which may risk the patient to get ulcers (Lanas & Chan, 2019). Caffeine also causes the production of acid in the body, which is a direct cause of PUD.
Scenario 2 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
GERD is mainly caused by frequent acid reflux. This involves the backwash of stomach acids to the esophageal, causing burning pain (Clarret & Hachem, 2018). His action, such as smoking, can aggravate this problem of frequent acid reflux acid. It can also be facilitated by excessive drinking of certain beverages such as alcohol and coffee. Other factors that risk the people getting GERD is obesity, problem or disorder of connective tissues, etc.
Scenario 3 Upper GI Bleed
GI is a problem that occurs in the digestive tract. Upper GI happens in the esophagus, stomach, or beginning of small interest (Steele, 2020). This problem can range from excessive bleeding, which is life-threatening, to a minor, which can only be identified through conducting the patient stool test. The main cause associated with this disease is peptic ulcers; these are open sores in the intestine lining. It can also be caused by the tearing of veins located in the esophagus, which can result in bleeding. Another factor that can contribute to this problem is the enlargement of veins in the esophagus abnormally, but this is common for liver disease people. Esophagitis is another factor that involves inflammation of the esophagus, and it is the most contributors to this problem.
Scenario 4 Diverticulitis
This problem results from pressure build-up due to a lack of enough fiber diet, which finally leads to constipation. The process repeats continuously while the patient develops pressure and staining, which finally causes diverticulosis (Young-Fadok, 2018). Due to this pressure, the colon gives up the weak pint and gives way causing a protruding marble size pouches in the colon, resulting in diverticula. Finally, this diverticula tend to break, leading to inflammation (diverticulitis) or in some worse case to other infections.
Scenario 5 Portal Hypertension
Cirrhosis is a liver disease that results from excessive drinking of alcohol. The patient has developed portal hypertension, which is associated with cirrhosis. This occurs because, in the body, there is a large vessel that transports blood to the liver, knows as portal vein (Arab, Barrera & Arrese, 2017). When a person develops cirrhosis, it slows the blood flow and subjects the portal vein to stress. Because the heart continues pumping blood, this slow movement of blood in the liver causes high blood pressure, resulting in portal hypertension.
Scenario 5 part 2: Ascites
Ascites is the abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity. This is caused by conditions such as portal hypotension. This problem involves enlarging the blood vessels to create room for the high blood pressure resulting from liver cirrhosis (Arab, Barrera & Arrese, 2017). The high pressure in the portal veins causes leakage of protein fluid to the surface of various organs such as the liver, intestine, and this protein-containing fluid tends to accumulate within the patient’s abdomen. This creates the problem of Ascites, which is presented by the described symptoms.
Scenario 6: Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE)
Hepatic encephalopathy can be referred to as reduced brain function, which the main cause is liver disease. In this case of a patient having liver cirrhosis, it will reduce or stop the liver’s functioning, leading to a build-up of toxins in the patient’s bloodstream (Ferenci, 2017). In this condition, the liver is not able to filter toxins from the body so that it can be removed. When the liver is damaged, it cannot perform its function properly, making the toxin to be circulated throughout the body. Continuous build-up of these toxins in the patient’s disease tends to damage the brain, and this is reflected by the patient been confused due to bra
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