Hypertension contributes to the death of many people throughout the world, yet there is still poor management of the condition. Establishing effective control measures could significantly help to control the number of deaths worldwide. To control and management hypertension effectively, it is important to identify and manage the lifestyle risk factors associated with the condition as that helps to lower blood pressure. In addition, it is vital to perform regular screening, communicating effectively with patients, monitoring patients on a regular basis, and adhering to treatment. In particular, it is possible to prevent and control the condition quite effectively through lifestyle changes (diet and regularly engaging in exercise) as these help to significantly regulate blood pressure.
PICOT Question
For male adults between the ages of 40 and 70 with hypertension, and with multiple co-morbidities (P), will the change in lifestyle (engaging regularly in exercise and eating healthier and balanced meals) (I), compared to patients who use medication to treat/manage their hypertension (C), help to regulate their blood pressure and reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (O) in their recovery period within 6 months (T).
References – Example Picot Question Statement and Literature Search Essay – NRS-433V Introduction to Nursing Research
Dua, S., Bhuker, M., Sharma, P., Dhall, M., & Kapoor, S. (2014). Body Mass Index Relates to Blood Pressure Among Adults. North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 6(2), 89–95. http://doi.org/10.4103/1947-2714.127751
Background: The blood pressure and anthropometric measurements are important for evaluating the health of children, adolescents as well as adults.
Aim: The aim is to study the blood pressure and body dimensions and to find out the prevalence of overweight/obesity and hypertension among adults.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted of all the people belonging to the Punjabi community, residing in Roshanara area and Jaina building in Delhi, for the past 20 years and aged 18-50 years. The men were engaged in transport business and women were mainly housewives. Example Picot Question Statement and Literature Search Essay – NRS-433V Introduction to Nursing Research
Results: Mean values of all the measurements, that is, height, weight, upper arm circumference, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were higher among males as compared with females, except skinfold thicknesses. Body mass index (BMI) and fat percentage was found to be higher among females as compared with males. There was a significant positive correlation between BMI, fat percentage, and blood pressure both SBP as well as DBP. Odds ratio showed that overweight/obese subjects were more likely to have hypertension than those with normal BMI. Example Picot Question Statement and Literature Search Essay – NRS-433V Introduction to Nursing Research.
Conclusion: Prevalence of prehypertension among overweight/obese suggested an early clinical detection of prehypertension and intervention including life style modification, particularly weight management.
Howes, F., Warnecke, E., &Nelson, M. (2013). Barriers to lifestyle risk factor assessment and management in hypertension: A qualitative study of Australian general practitioners. Journal of Human Hypertension, 27, 474-478 doi:10.1038/jhh.2013.9
Hypertension is a leading cause of mortality and disease burden worldwide, yet its management remains suboptimal. Identification and management of lifestyle risk factors should be a clinical priority in all patients because of the beneficial effects of lifestyle intervention on blood pressure. The objective of this qualitative focus group study was to identify barriers to lifestyle management in hypertension in Australian general practice. Purposeful sampling was used to select large group practices. Six focus groups (n=30) were audio recorded and transcribed. An iterative thematic analysis was conducted. Overall participants felt they had the required knowledge to provide broad lifestyle advice. However, cynicism dominated due to an overwhelming lack of success in practice. Patient reluctance and ambivalence were identified as major barriers but participants were willing to share the responsibility. Other barriers included time, reduced access to allied health and broader determinants of health. General practitioners need to be empowered to allow continuation of valuable lifestyle advice and counselling. The results emphasise the importance of ongoing lifestyl
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