Pathophysiology of Renal Failure
The pathophysiology of renal failure is based on the destruction of the renal parenchyma leading to impaired excretion of waste products. The destruction of the kidney parenchyma is in most instances due to the deposition of immune substances. The immune complexes either destroy the renal parenchyma directly or through the promotion of inflammatory processes. Disruption of the functioning of the parenchyma leads to the loss of selective permeability of the renal epithelium. As a result, there is loss of blood components through urine or the disruption of the urine production process.
The signs and symptoms of renal failure dependent on the stage of the disease. In acute renal failure, the symptoms include body swelling due to the retention of sodium and water. The patient also presents with nausea, shortness of breath, and reduction in urine production. The progression of acute renal failure marks the grading of chronic kidney disease. The classification is based on the level of impairment of the glomerular filtration rate. In end stage kidney failure, the glomerular filtration rate falls to lower than 15ml/min from the normal filtration rate of above 90ml/min.
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