In the modern health care sector nursing can be considered one of the central pillars that support its development, effective functioning, and positive outcomes. Being one of the main caregivers responsible for the appropriate delivery of services and communication with patients, nurses play a critical role in promoting healthy behaviors and improving the health of the nation. At the same time, to perform these activities, they should possess extensive knowledge about how to organize treatment and communicate with patients. The existence of certain nursing theories simplifies the task and suggests certain guidelines.
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For instance, Peplau’s theory of interpersonal relations emphasizes the role of intercourse that emerges between a patient and a nurse during the treatment and its importance for the recovery process (Theory of Interpersonal Relations, n.d.). In accordance with this idea, nursing aims at the promotion of an improved understanding of the current challenges and collaborative work to eliminate them.
Another theory is suggested by Ida Orlando, and it assumes that nurses should play a key role in discovering patients’ problems and provision of the appropriate care as individuals have their own interpretations of situations which can be wrong (Nursing Process Theory, n.d.). This Deliberative Nursing Process theory provides a particular framework that can help nurses to deliver appropriate care.
In the course of its evolution, the healthcare sector managed to elaborate multiple theories that simplify the delivery of care and ensure the achievement of the appropriate result. In the majority of cases, the given theoretical frameworks consider the dominant doctrines and the most topical issues. Thus, the theory of interpersonal relations by Peplau is devoted to the communication between health workers and patients as one of the fundamental elements needed to promote recovery (Theory of Interpersonal Relations, n.d.).
It emerged in 1952 as the result of radical alterations in the healthcare sector. The second half of the 20th century was characterized by the recognition and implementation of new approaches to care delivery that presupposed improved communication (Masters, 2014). For this reason, Peplau managed to create the basis for the further improvement of this aspect and alignment of beneficial relations between all participants of the treatment process.
The theory of the deliberative nursing process emerged later, in 1972. The main cause for its creation was the idea of the necessity to provide in-time care to patients who might be mistaken about the real causes of their problems (Nursing Process Theory, n.d.). The given period is also characterized by the continuous increase of nurses’ contribution to positive outcomes and reconsideration of their authorities (Nursing Process Theory, n.d.).
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Their ability to collaborate with patients to determine the existing issues and ensure the on-time delivery of the appropriate care became central for the theory (Nursing Process Theory, n.d.). At the same time, Orlando’s theory emphasizes the necessity to observe the existing rules and recommendations to make the right decisions and assist patients in their recovery. In accordance with this framework, it is the only way to create an environment beneficial for both a patient and a nurse and achieve the main goal.
As with any conceptual framework, nursing theories should have philosophical underpinnings that create a particular approach and ensure its ability to help all actors who implement this theory into practice. For this reason, both Peplau and Orlando’s theories have a certain background that impacted their emergence. The concept of interpersonal relations’ philosophical underpinning is the idea of morality and responsibility.
It assumes that as a morally-upstanding practice, nursing should be focused on the cultivation of patients’ health, satisfaction of their current demands, and guaranteeing care that can help to improve their states (Theory of Interpersonal Relations, n.d.). The enhanced understanding of all these aspects can be achieved only through communication as a potent tool to collect data and align beneficial rel
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