Workplace incivility among nurses and healthcare professionals is a significant issue, manifesting through disrespectful behaviors such as belittling remarks, gossiping, or ignoring colleagues. These behaviors can erode teamwork, reduce job satisfaction, and contribute to burnout, ultimately affecting the quality of patient care and overall healthcare outcomes. Addressing this issue is crucial for maintaining a positive work environment and ensuring high standards of patient care.
Developing the PICO(T) Question
Identifying the Problem
To address workplace incivility effectively, a focused clinical question needs to be developed. This process starts with identifying a clear and specific problem within the broader issue of workplace incivility. For this assignment, the clinical issue of interest is the impact of educational interventions on managing nurse-to-nurse incivility.
Formulating the PICO(T) Components
Constructing the PICO(T) Question
Based on these components, the PICO(T) question is formulated as follows:
In nurses experiencing workplace incivility (P), how effective are educational programs and cognitive rehearsal training (I) compared to standard workplace policies (C) in reducing incidences of workplace incivility, improving job satisfaction, and enhancing teamwork (O) over a period of six months (T)?
Searching for Evidence
Keywords and Databases
To find relevant evidence, key terms derived from the PICO(T) question are used. These include “nurse incivility,” “educational programs,” “cognitive rehearsal,” “workplace incivility,” “job satisfaction,” and “teamwork.”
The search is conducted in the following databases:
Reflection on the Process
Creating a PICO(T) question and searching for peer-reviewed research involves several critical steps. Initially, it is essential to thoroughly understand the clinical issue and its impact on both healthcare professionals and patient care. The PICO(T) framework helps in structuring the question clearly, ensuring all necessary elements are included to guide the research effectively.
Searching multiple databases enhances the comprehensiveness of the evidence gathered. It is crucial to use specific keywords and Boolean operators to refine the search results, making sure the selected studies are highly relevant to the PICO(T) question. This process not only aids in finding high-level evidence but also in understanding the different methodologies and outcomes related to the clinical issue.
Full Citation of Selected Articles
| Article #1 | Article #2 | Article #3 | Article #4 |
| Kile, D., Eaton, M., deValpine, M., & Gilbert, R. (2019). The effectiveness of education and cognitive rehearsal in managing nurse‐to‐nurse incivility: A pilot study. Journal of Nursing Management, 27(3), 543-552. | Abdollahzadeh, F., Asghari, E., Ebrahimi, H., Rahmani, A., & Vahidi, M. (2017). How to prevent workplace incivility?: Nurses’ perspective. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 22(2), 157-163. | Armstrong, N. (2018). Management of nursing workplace incivility in the health care settings: A systematic review. Workplace Health & Safety, 66(8), 403-410. | Razzi, C. C., & Bianchi, A. L. (2019). Incivility in nursing: Implementing a quality improvement program utilizing cognitive rehearsal training. Nursing Forum, 54(4), 526-536. |
Reasons for Selection & Relation to Clinical Issue
Article #1: This study focuses on using education and cognitive rehearsal to address nurse-to-nurse incivility. It shows how training can help nurses recognize and cope with incivility, ultimately promoting a healthier work environment. This is relevan
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