John is 63 years old and receives home care from an occupational therapist twice a week. His therapist is currently working with John on maintaining joint flexibility and balance. John demonstrates resting tremors, so his therapist is also working on adaptive techniques, so John can continue to use his hands to write, use the computer, and cook simple meals. John’s wife assists with his mobility and walks slowly beside him, holding his arm. Sometimes she needs to help him open his prescription bottles, so he can take his medicine, a combination of levodopa and carbidopa. Please address the following:  What motor disease does John demonstrate?  One of his signs is resting tremors. What is the difference between a resting tremor and an intentional tremor?  Parkinson’s disease involves the destruction of the substantia nigra and the nigrostriatal pathway. Where are these structures anatomically?  The client with Parkinson’s disease typically presents with a masklike facial expression.

Parkinson's disease is a brain condition that results in unintentional or uncontrollable movements like trembling, stiffness, and issues with balance and coordination. Typically, symptoms start mildly and get worse over time. People could experience difficulties speaking and walking as the illness worsens. Additionally, they may experience behavioral and mental changes, sleep issues, depression, memory loss, and weariness. (National Institute on Aging, 2017). John shows how Parkinson's disease, a motor disorder that impairs movement, manifests. The substantia nigra, a part of the brain that generates dopamine, is destroyed, which results in the condition. Muscle movement can be influenced by the neurotransmitter dopamine. Parkinson’s disease symptoms are caused by a dopamine deficit that occurs from the destruction of the substantia nigra (Saman Zafar & Yaddanapudi, 2019).  When the muscle is relaxed, such as when the hands are resting on the lap, a resting tremor takes place. When a person has this condition, their hands, arms, or legs may tremor even when they are at rest. Often, only the hand or fingers are impacted by the tremor. This form of tremor is frequently present in Parkinson's disease patients. It is known as the pill-rolling tremor. “Pill-rolling" tremor is the circular movements of the fingers and hands imitating rolling pills or small objects in the hand. With the deliberate movement toward a target, such as lifting a finger to touch the nose, an intentional tremor is produced. Usually, the person's tremors will get worse as they draw closer to their goal. A resting tremor and an intention tremor differ primarily in that an intention tremor happens while the body is attempting to carry out a certain movement while a resting tremor does not. Intention tremor is a tremor that happens when the body is moving, as opposed to a resting tremor, which happens when the body is at rest. A resting tremor has no connection to any specific movement, whereas an intention tremor happens when the body is attempting to carry out a particular activity. Shaking that takes place while the body is at rest is the predominant sign of resting tremor. It may be challenging to carry out daily tasks if one has this kind of tremor. Intention tremor, which happens when the

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