In 750-1,000 words, critically evaluate Mrs. J.’s situation. Include the following: Describe the clinical manifestations present in Mrs. J. Discuss whether the nursing interventions at the time of her admissions were appropriate for Mrs. J. and explain the rationale for each of the medications listed. Describe four cardiovascular conditions that may lead to heart failure and what can be done in the form of medical/nursing interventions to prevent the development of heart failure in each condition. Taking into consideration the fact that most mature adults take at least six prescription medications, discuss four nursing interventions that can help prevent problems caused by multiple drug interactions in older patients. Provide a rationale for each of the interventions you recommend.

Clinical Manifestations Present in Mrs. J.

As Mrs. J.’s case description demonstrates, the patient was admitted to the hospital with flu-like symptoms. The clinical manifestation or the symptomatic indications of a disease or deterioration in bodily systems present in the patient include nausea, malaise, cough, and fever. The patient indicates diminished walking capacity, requires assistance, and experiences acute decompensated heart failure and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These clinical manifestations, in combination with the chronic conditions present in Mrs. J., namely hypertension, chronic heart failure, and COPD, serve as the basis for referring to the hospital.

 

Appropriateness of the Nursing Interventions at the time of Admissions and Medication Rationale

The nursing interventions at the time of admission addressed the patient’s chronic conditions. In particular, Mrs. J. had not taken her prescription medication for three days before admission. Therefore, administering the medications and oxygen to address the daily requirements under chronic conditions is essential. Moreover, the patient’s vital signs play a crucial role in deciding what nursing interventions are appropriate and the most required. At the time of admission, Mrs. J.’s oxygen saturation is low and decreased to the point of 82%; her heart rate is high with 118 beats per minute, and her blood pressure is low at 90/58. Therefore, the interventions and medications are appropriate since they were aimed at stabilizing the vital signs of the patient.

In particular, Mrs. J. was administered IV furosemide, enalapril, metoprolol, IV morphine sulphate, inhaled short-acting bronchodilator, inhaled corticosteroid, and oxygen delivered at 2L/ NC. Furosemide administered intravenously helps regulate fluid accumulation caused by heart failure. Enalapril is commonly used with furosemide to address hypertension. Metoprolol stimulates blood flow and is aimed to help with blood pressure. IV morphine sulphate is administered to manage pain in the patient. As for the oxygen, bronchodilator and corticosteroid administered for inhalation are aimed at regulating lung function, normalize oxygen saturation, and cure inflammatory processes in the respiratory system.

Cardiovascular Conditions Leading to Heart Failure and Preventative Nursing Interventions

There are multiple cardiovascular conditions that might be the triggers of predecessors of heart failure. Firstly, coronary heart disease, which is characterized by dysfunction of heart arteries, complicating the flow of blood rich in oxygen (“Heart failure,” 2021).

To prevent heart failure in the aftermath of coronary heart disease, a healthy lifestyle, regular medications, or even surgery might be appropriate. Secondly, heart inflammation is a condition that is characterized by inflammatory processes in different parts of the heart and might lead to heart failure (“Heart failure,” 2021). To prevent it, patients with heart inflammation should ensure timely diagnosis, procedural and medication-based treatment, or surgery. Thirdly, high blood pressure is another cardiovascular condition that might lead to heart failure (“Heart failure,” 2021).

To prevent it from deteriorating heart functioning, proper dieting to regulate possible body mass excess and physical activity, as well as medications, should be prioritized. Fourthly, cardiomyopathy, or the inability of the heart to deliver blood to all body parts, should be addressed by healthy dieting, medication intake, physical activity, and minimization of substance use to prevent heart failure (“Heart failure,” 2021).

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