Clinical manifestation includes any physical observations made by a physician or subjective data collected from the patient which is used to conduct an effective diagnosis and developing effective treatment intervention. These may include physical symptoms related to a certain illnesses as well as changes in normal functioning of body organs (Grand Canyon University, 2018). Based on the case study the clinical manifestations present in Mrs. J include fever, nausea, malaise, and productive cough. The patient also reports requiring assistance in walking short distances, decompensated heart failure, and acute exacerbation of COPD. Subjective data from the patient indicate that the patient has a difficulty in getting enough air and is exhausted that she cannot eat or drink by herself.
Nursing Interventions at the Time of Her AdmissionsAt the time of her admission, the patient reports a history of hypertension, chronic heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nursing interventions implemented to address these conditions include 2L of oxygen/nasal cannula at home during activity, antihypertensive medications to control her heart failure (Peacock, 2017). The doctor administered IV furosemide, Enalapril, Metoprolol, IV morphine sulphate, Inhaled short-acting bronchodilator, Inhaled corticosteroid, and Oxygen delivered at 2L/ NC to address the present symptoms affecting Mrs. J. These medications will help in stabilizing the health of Mrs. J. to normal functioning (Peacock, 2017). This nursing intervention is appropriate as it aims at addressing Mrs. J respiratory problems. The adddministration of IV Furosemide medication is meant to address pulmonary edema affecting Mrs. J. that is caused by heart failure. This medication is also meant to treat congestive heart failure by addressing fluid retention. The other medication that is administered to Mrs. J. is Enapril which is meant to treat hypertension (Trevor & Chipps, 2018).
This medication will help the patient since she has not taken her antihypertensive medications for three days that are important for controlling heart failure. Enapril is mostly used in emergencies due to its quick effect if administered through an injection into the vein (Trevor & Chipps, 2018). The patient is also administered Metoprolol which is a drug meant to address congestive heart failure and hypertension. Since the patient has an abnormal heart rate, this may worsen the heart failure condition which can be prevented by using this medication (Trevor & Chipps, 2018).
The physician also administers Morphine to the patient which is aimed at minimizing pain associated with congestive heart failure. This medication is also beneficial in addressing stress that may trigger hypertension symptoms (Trevor & Chipps, 2018). Inhaled short-acting bronchodilator is a quick acting reliever to address asthma attacks by opening the airways. This is helpful as the patient reports continuing to smoke on daily occasions and feels like she cannot get enough air (Trevor & Chipps, 2018). The patient is also issued with inhaled corticosteroid which is aimed at preventing asthma attacks and improving the functioning of the lungs. The last nursing intervention involves administration of oxygen which is delivered at 2L/ NC. This is meant to improve the flow of oxygen to the lungs for patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (Trevor & Chipps, 2018).
Four Cardiovascular Conditions That May Lead To Heart Failure and Nursing Interventions to Prevent the Development of Heart Failure in Each ConditionCoronary Artery DiseaseCoronary artery disease is characterized by narrowing or blocking of the coronary arteries that may be caused by obesity since cholesterol may build up on the inner walls of the arteries affecting the flow of blood to the heart and to other body parts (Hruby et al., 2016). In coronary artery disease, the fat deposits in the inner walls of the arteries may form a plaque that may rupture leading to a blood clot in the artery. This clot may cause blockage preventing the flow of blood to the heart which may deprive the heart and other body parts from adequate supply of oxygen (Hruby et al., 2016). Medical interventions to prevent coronary artery disease include addressing the risk factors associated with this disease such as obesity.
High Blood PressureHigh blood pressure is a condition where the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high. If this is not controlled, it may lead to heart problems in the long-term. High blood pressure is diagnosed by measuring the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the blood vessels (Hruby et al., 2016). If blood pressure is above 140/90, the patient is considered to have high blood pressure. This disease may have no symptoms and may cause other health problems such as stroke or heart failure. Medical interventions to prevent high blood pressure involve t
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