Topics: Christianity, Ethics, Spirituality Words: 1322 Pages: 4
Christian ethics, or the moral teaching of Christianity, determines the ethical guidelines of human behavior. Christianity’s ethics is expressed in a Christian ethos, a certain style of life, diverse in its manifestations and inherent in both individuals and large social groups. People who follow Christian ethics have a high level of spirituality; in other words, they keep track of their thoughts and feelings and try to direct them according to their religion. The actions and behavior of Christ, as well as His very way of life, are an example and standard for His followers. Christian ethics emphasizes the need for grace and mercy (including the forgiveness of sins) for a human, the source of which is God.
Representatives of postmodern relativism take a different point of view on ethical issues. Relativism is a philosophical doctrine that claims that all knowledge is relative, and there is no absolute truth. There are only truths that a particular person or culture accepts. This is the point of view according to which all this is a subjective result of various conventions and systems of assessment. Where is truth, and where is falsehood, what is right and wrong, what are the standards of reasoning – answers to these questions are also subjective. The importance of these judgments and conclusions is limited by the context that gave rise to them. In the health care sector, ethical issues are determined by standards set by government systems. They do not rely on people’s religious beliefs but on rational judgments built in a secular society. This allows the creation of certain standards that empower health care professionals to act and make decisions even at critical moments.
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Scientism is a general pejorative name for an ideological position that represents scientific knowledge as the highest cultural value and a fundamental factor in human interaction with the world. Scientism itself is not a coherent system of views but rather can be seen as a certain orientation of various systems that have gained widespread popularity. They are now a part of the opinions of researchers and the general public. Scientism can be defined as a science viewed as a religion since researchers elevate it to dogma’s rank, which they turn into an imperative (Ridder, Peels & Woudenberg, 2018). Often, people accepted scientism consider physics or mathematics to be exemplary sciences and call to build other sciences in their image and likeness. The term scientism has a significant pejorative connotation. The term scientism is rarely used as a self-name but is used by critics of this concept.
According to anti-scientism, by invading all spheres of human life, science makes people soulless, devoid of romance and a human face. Those who accept scientism as the primary belief stop seeing the world’s beauty and try to explain any event with rational arguments. This narrows their horizons and emotional range, which can negatively affect their quality of life. In addition, the suppression of individual and natural principles in a person reduces all the diversity of the personality to only one technocratic parameter. A modern person, in particular a technical specialist, is subject to a large number of overloads and stresses, and these circumstances indicate a painful and abnormal state of modern society. Not only specialists in technical specialties but also humanities are squeezed by the grip of normativeness and obligation.
Ultimate reality is something that stands above the surrounding world perceived by a person. It cannot be described, defined, and cognized by a rational intellect. In other words, it is something beyond human understanding. It is a collection of all real objects and what stands behind them – spiritual and emotional. In particular, some believe that God is the ultimate reality: He is everything, and everything is Him. However, in any case, this kind of reality cannot be expressed in words since the human brain alone cannot process and convey this phenomenon.
The world of dense matter, characterized by three-dimensional space, linear time, and inexorable causality, does not in itself have an independent existence. It is not the only true reality that materialistic science portrays. The world did not arise by chance, by itself. This world is
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