Long-acting bronchodilators, mainly the long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), like Tiotropium, form the basis of COPD symptom control. Tiotropium is a drug that produces relaxation of the muscles around the airways and allows them to open up this way, relieving breathlessness (Bollmeier & Hartmann, 2020). Additionally, Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) such as fluticasone are frequently administered with long-acting bronchodilators, especially among patients with exacerbations. Describe the Mechanism of Action for Each of the Medication Classes Identified Above. Typically, LAMAs like Tiotropium operate by inhibiting the workspaces of muscarinic receptors on the airway's smooth muscles. Therefore, this activity is counteractive for bronchoconstriction and also alters the airways to make it easier for COPD patients to breathe and better their circulation(Bollmeier & Hartmann, 2020). At the same time, ICS like fluticasone reduces the inflammation of airways. This is achieved by inhibiting the r
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