This paper will discuss the application to practice using Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM). HPM was conceived in 1982 by Nola Pender and colleagues to understand health-promoting behaviors from nursing perspectives. It has been used as a guide to explore what motivates individuals to engage or not in health promoting activities. The major conceptual focus of HPM are individual characteristics, behavior-specific cognition and affect, and behavioral outcomes. In nursing, these variables can be modified to promote health seeking behaviors. Because of its limited number of variables, HPM provides the specificity needed for it to be useful in nursing research and practice (Zohreh et al., 2020). Health Promotion Model Purpose in Practice A critical component of nursing practice is education and intervention. When it comes to poor health behaviors such as smoking, nurses have a professional and ethical responsibility to educate the patient regarding the dangers of smoking. Smoking has been linked to many preventable morbidity and mortality cases, which accounts for 1 in 5 deaths each year [CITATION Sim18 \l 1033 ]. Nurses, as the largest healthcare workforce, can assess patients smoking status, willingness to quit, and obstacles to quitting. HPM assists nurses in understanding major determinants of this unhealthy behavior and equips them with the knowledge and skillset to promote a healthier lifestyle. Health Promotion Model Operationally Defined in Practice Understanding the major determinants of health is not the only factor that can influence whether a patient quits smoking or not. Nurses may possess the knowledge and skills to effectively intervene in a patient's smoking habits, but the resources need to be readily available. Regarding HPM, a concept of interest is behavior-specific cognition and affect, more specifically
3 perceived barrier to action. In a practice improvement project conducted by Simerson and Hackbarth (2018) found that barriers to implementing practice improvement were competing priorities and lack of time. Additional obstacles were presented in the study such as the potential for intervention to prolong the duration of hospitalization. Furthermore, nurses expressed a lack of confidence in their abilities and felt that they had not received sufficient training. Additionally, some nurses believed that the responsibility for the intervention did not fall within their purview. In clinical practice, the concept of interest of perceived barrier to action will be measured by questionnaire to assess the nurses' level of competency providing smoking cessation initiative. The effectiveness f this practice can be measured by
Order this paper