Case Study Analysis
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Case Study Analysis
This is a case study of a 16-year-old patient who has had a sore throat for three days, has a fever of 99.6, has a reddish posterior pharynx with white exudate on tonsils that are enlarged to 3+, and has swollen lymph nodes in the front and rear of the neck. The patient does not mention fever, colds, ear infections, and pneumonia. There are no documented allergies to drugs or foods. Vital indicators like breathing and pulse are within normal ranges. This paper will address the reasons for symptom presentation, the genes involved, and the description and effects of immunopressin.
The Reasons for Patient’ Presentation with the Specific Symptoms
The immunological reaction of the body to the invading bacteria causes the symptoms listed above. The chronic inflammation of innate immunity generated by the Streptococcus bacterium causes pharyngeal redness, cervical adenopathy swelling, and pain and white exudate on tonsils in the throat. Inflammation is a quick and nonspecific defensive response to cellular injury (McCance & Huether, 2019). Its purpose is to prevent and restrict infection, avoid additional tissue damage, activate the adaptive immune system, and start the healing process. Localized inflammation causes redness, swelling, heat, discomfort, and loss of function, as well as the formation of exudative fluids that may be serious, fibrinous, purulent, or hemorrhagic. Fever, with a temperature of 99.6 degrees Fahrenheit, is an indication of early systemic inflammation. Mast cells, endothelial cells, platelets, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and lymphocytes are some of the cells involved in the inflammatory process.
Genes Associated with Disease Development
DNA, an essential component of genes, acts as the blueprint for all proteins in the body, allowing genes to impact every element of the body’s structure and function. A genetic disorder may be caused by any change or defect in the gene sequence (McCance & Huether, 2019). Differences in susceptibility and clinical outcomes of the invasive group are due to differences in host genes—patients with Group A Streptococcus (GAS). According to new research, children who have tonsillitis regularly have a genetically compromised immune response to group A strep germs (Citroner, 2019). According to the findings, two gene variants decreased one’s capacity to fight strep throat and caused recurrent tonsillitis, and one gene variant protected against the group (McCance & Huether, 2019). A strep infection. Vaccines against GAS infections are designed to target M proteins.
Process and Effects of Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression is the body’s immune system being suppressed. This suppression is performed by pharmaceutical means to prevent the body’s immune system from rejecting transplanted organs or from attacking the body itself, as in the case of strep throat (Diehl et al., 2017). Viruses and cancers are examples of pathogenic agents that may depress the immune system. Antimetabolites, such as methotrexate, are immune-suppressing drugs that alter immune cells’ metabolic pathways, inhibit immune cell multiplication, and cause immune cell death by apoptosis. Some medications stop lymphoid cells from dividing by inhibiting purine metabolism (Diehl et al., 2017). A few highly selective medicines only inhibit T-cell proliferation. These medications inhibit the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), causing T-cell increase and proliferation to cease, as well as apoptotic death (Diehl et al., 2017). Immunosuppression, if targeted, does not affect the body’s other organs. Nevertheless, if immunosuppression isn’t targeted, it might harm other conditions as well. Nonspecific immunosuppressant medications, for example, inhibit the proliferation and duplication of bone and gut tissues.
Conclusion
In summary, this paper has analyzed the rationale for the presentation of the symptoms by the patient. Most germs that cause diseases are sensitive to modest increases in body temperature, therefore a febrile reaction might be helpful to the body. Moreover, the paper concludes that GAS strains have a tendency to change the sequence of the M protein, which prevents phagocytosis and weakens the host’s immunological response, allowing them to infect people. Finally, the paper has described Immunosuppressive medications to prevent cytokines from activating lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are not activated as a consequence of the inhibition of these signals, resulting in no or a very weak immunological response.