Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system is associated with bipolar 2 disorders because it is central to the pathogenesis of depressive symptoms and cognitive deficits, which may further lead to neurocytotoxic effects of raised cortisol levels. Dysregulation o the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis leads to manic episodes experienced by individuals with bipolar 2 disorders may be preceded by an increased in ACTH and cortisol levels, resulting in cognitive Also Read : Nursing Assignment Help problems and functional impairments. For instance, the patient in this scenario had irritable behavior and depressed, indicating a compromised HPA system.
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