The patient factor I selected is age. It is assumed that the patient is aged because he presents with old age-associated comorbidities like obesity, overweight, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The patient is also on five prescription drugs. Research shows that most Americans aged individuals take at least three prescription drugs daily due to multiple age-related comorbidities .the state has significant implications in patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in regards to drug interaction and adverse drug reactions (Van den Anker, Reed, Allegaert & Kearns, 2018).
Aging is accompanied by progressive random changes in the body that influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics process. Cardiovascular conditions in elderly individuals cause decreased renal functioning, reduced hepatic blood flow, increased body fat, and reduced muscle mass and total body water, thus affecting distribution, metabolism, and elimination of cardiovascular drugs (Cossart, Cottrell, Campbell, Isbel & Staatz, 2019).
These changes in the elderly include reduced elasticity and a reduction in the intrinsic heart rate, and renal impairment that impairs effective blood flow, thus hindering drug distribution in the body to the target tissues. The gastrointestinal system also changes with age. Absorption of several substances decreases with age. Decreased organ functionality impairs the secretion of digestive enzymes that facilitate the absorption of drugs in the small intestine. Impaired muscle movement and renal impairment also cause uncontrolled fast movement of food along the duodenum, thus impairing maximum drug absorption.
Advancing age is associated with a progressive reduction in liver volume and liver blood flow. It is also associated with decreased organ functioning like liver and kidney functioning thus impairing drug clearance and facilitating high drug concentration and toxicity.
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