In recent years, evidence-based practice has formed the backbone of nursing practice and has been integral in improving patient outcomes. With evidence-based practice as the basis, a direct practice improvement project is applied to measurable patient outcomes to ensure better patient outcomes. The implementation of direct practice improvement is most effective when guided by both an EBP change model and a nursing theory (Smith, 2019). The implication is that the individual has to choose the right theory and model that can effectively guide the project. As such, the purpose of this write-up is to explore an EBP change model and a nursing theory that will form the basis of the DPI project. The project focuses on exploring the impact of permanent supportive housing among homeless patients in reducing substance abuse. The next section focuses on the theoretical foundations.
Theoretical Foundations
The theoretical frameworks applied in nursing are usually based on nursing theory. Nursing theory helps in improving practice as it enables professionals to explore and translate evidence into practice which in most cases seeks to bring change in practice for positive patient outcomes (Butts & Rich, 2018). While the nursing theories are developed to support practice, the formulated nursing theory has to be validated in the nursing practice. From the earlier discussion, it was evident that the project focuses on the impact of permanent supportive housing among homeless patients in reducing substance abuse. Therefore, the nursing theory chosen to guide this project is Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care theory.
Nursing Theory
Nursing theories have formed an integral part of nursing practice as they help in guiding nursing practice. In this project, Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care theory will be used. This theory was developed and propagated by Dorothea Orem. She defined the theory in broad terms as an act of helping others in terms of offering and managing self-care to maintain or enhance human functioning at the home level effectiveness (Butts & Rich, 2018). This theory focuses on an individual as well as the type of activities that a person can start and engage in on their own behalf to maintain well-being, health, and life.
Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care theory
As earlier indicated, this theory focuses on an individual as well as the type of activities that a person can start and engage in on their own behalf to maintain well-being, health, and life. Sometimes known as the self-care deficit theory of nursing, this theory is composed of three interconnected sub-theories. The three sub-theories include the theory of nursing systems, the self-care deficit theory, and the theory of self-care (Butts & Rich, 2018). The theory is also based on the requirement for nursing in an individual in the absence of the ability to have a sufficient amount of therapeutic self-care capable of sustaining health and life as well as recovering from injury or disease or even having to cope with the impacts of the disease.
Orem’s theory has various assumptions. One of the assumptions is that in order for an individual to remain functional and sustain life, they have to be involved in communication with each other and connect with both humans and the environment. The other assumption is that the power to deliberately act is exercised in the needs identification as well as arriving at the best judgment. The other assumption is that human beings have various experiences, such as privations which take the form of action both in caring for others and self and entail performing function-regulating and life-sustaining actions (Butts & Rich, 2018). The next assumption is that the human agency is fulfilled through the discovery, development, and transmission of strategies for identifying the needs of others and, in some cases, in self. The final assumption is that individuals with structured relationships group tasks and assigned responsibilities for offering care to various group members.
Orem proposed various concepts that support the theory. The concepts include self-care, health, environment, humans, and nursing. From her definition, nursing entails an art through which a nurse professional offers a specialized service to a person with some disabilities. Therefore, such assistance is not just ordinary but meets self-care needs. Humans entail children, women, and men who are cared for. The environment has various biological, chemical, and physical features entailing the community, culture, and the family (Butts & Rich, 2018). In addition, health refers to functional and structural soundness or wholeness and entails the health of groups and individuals.
Orem’s theory can be key in supporting the proposed project since, by offering the permanent
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