Conceptual models and theories are structures that provide nurses with a perspective of the patient and
the professional practice. Conceptual models provide structure for a phenomenon, direct thinking,
observations, and interpretations and further provide direction for actions. A conceptual model broadly
explains phenomenon of interest, expresses assumption, and reflects a philosophical stance. A
conceptual model is an image of a phenomenon. A theory in contrast represents a set of defined
concepts that offers a systematic explanation about how two or more concepts are interrelated. Theories
can be used to describe, explain, predict, or control the phenomenon that is of interest to a researcher
(Premkumar, et al.)
Sister Callista Roy’s adaptation model focuses on how individuals cope after a stimuli and manifest
adaptive behaviors In Roy’s adaptation theory, nursing assessment and interventions that promote
adaption is purported. On the basis of this premise the researcher can choose a specific intervention
that would enhance integrated adaptation of an individual after a crisis (stimuli). The researcher then
can measure whether the intervention has been effective in promoting adaptation by looking at the four
modes of adaptive behavior (physical/physiological, self- concept, role functioning, and
interdependence). (Premkumar, et al.)
For example, a patient who had undergone breast conserving surgery. Being diagnosed with and
undergoing treatment for cancer may lead to bio-psycho-social problems. It is expected that the
development of interventions specific to the individual by nurses, will yield positive results in the
adaptation of patients who are trying to cope with these problems. By this means, the patients will be
adapted to their new life and their quality of life will improve. The utilization of theories will facilitate the
situation and will provide a means for the nurses to focus on their profession of nursing, and develop a
holistic care in biopsychosocial approach to the patients (Ursavaş, et al.)
Premkumar B, David S, Ravindran V. Conceptual models and theories: Developing a research framework.
Indian Journal of Continuing Nursing Education 2017; 18:48-53
https://www.ijcne.org/text.asp?2017/18/1/48/286311
Ursavaş FE, Karayurt Ö, İşeri Ö. Nursing Approach Based on Roy Adaptation Model in a Patient
Undergoing Breast Conserving Surgery for Breast Cancer. J Breast Health. 2014 Jul 1;10(3):134-140. doi:
10.5152/tjbh.2014.1910. PMID: 28331659; PMCID: PMC5351537.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5351537/
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