Respiratory, cardiovascular, and genetic infirmities extensively affect death and disability globally. Diagnosis and management of respiratory, cardiovascular, and genetic maladies are crucial aspects of healthcare, requiring diligent attention and skills. These infirmities can profoundly influence an individual’s quality of life and overall well-being. Appropriate diagnosis is the foundation for successful management, as it permits healthcare professionals to modify treatment plans and interventions to the particular needs of each individual. Through accurate diagnosis, healthcare providers can recognize the underlying cause of these infirmities, assisting them in executing targeted therapies and interventions to lessen symptoms and enhance overall health. Managing respiratory, cardiovascular, and genetic maladies frequently involves a multidisciplinary perspective, including g medical professionals from distinct specialties working collaboratively to equip inclusive care (Birnkrant et al., 2018). With the development in medical technology and research, the diagnosis and management of these infirmities progress, offering new opportunities for enhanced outcomes and improved quality of life for individuals. This essay will explore a case scenario of Brian, a 14-year-old known asthmatic with a 2-day history of worsening cough and shortness of breath, eventually explaining the differential diagnosis for Brian, the most likely diagnosis for Brian and the unique features of the disorder identified in Brian, the treatment and management plan and suitable dosage for the recommended treatments, and strategies for educating Brian and his families on the treatment and management of the respiratory, cardiovascular, and genetic disorders.
Based on the provided case study, several potential differential diagnoses exist for Brian’s symptoms. The primary concern is his known history of asthma, which makes exacerbating his condition the most likely cause. The aggravating cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing demonstrate an acute asthma exacerbation, and it could be due to insufficient control of his symptoms with the expired prescription of the long-acting inhaled corticosteroid, resulting in elevated inflammation and bronchoconstriction (Normansell et al., 2018). Another possibility is an upper respiratory tract infection, like viral bronchitis. URI can cause cough and wheezing, particularly in individuals with underlying asthma. The history of a worsening cough over the past two days, especially accompanied by symptoms like nasal congestion, sore throat, or fever, could support this diagnosis. It is also essential to consider environmental factors contributing to Brian’s symptoms. The smell of smoke on his clothing suggests exposure to secondhand smoke, which can trigger or worsen asthma symptoms (Bekie, 2018). This exposure may have played a role in his current exacerbation. The possibility of an alternative respiratory condition, such as pneumonia or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillus, is less likely but still worth considering. These conditions may present with similar symptoms, but additional findings, such as fever, productive cough, or chest pain, would be more indicative of these diagnoses. To establish a definitive diagnosis, further evaluation is necessary. This may include spirometry to assess lung function, chest X-ray to evaluate for signs of infection, and potentially sputum culture or blood tests to rule out infectious causes. Additionally, obtaining a thorough history of Brian’s asthma management and adherence to medication is crucial for determining the underlying cause of his exacerbation
Based on the provided information, the presumable diagnosis for the patient, Brian, is an acute asthma exacerbation. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory infirmity of the airways featured by recurrent occurrences of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. Brian’s history of asthma, aggregating cough and shortness of breath, and the prolonged expiration and expiratory wheezes heard during the examination, point toward an asthma exacerbation. Several factors contribute to this diagnosis. Firstly, Brian’s age of 14 is within the standard age range for asthma onset, often during childhood or adolescence. Secondly, his regular use of a short-acting beta agonist suggests that he relies on quick-relief medications for asthma symptoms. Additionally, the fact that his long-acting inhaled corticosteroid prescription ran out and he forgot to refill it suggests insufficient maintenance therapy, which can subscribe to asthm
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