Clinical Manifestations Present in Mr C
At the outpatient centre, Mr C reports that he has gained approximately 100 pounds in the past two to three years. He has also been experiencing sleep apnea, a potentially severe sleep disorder where breathing repeatedly stops and starts, and high blood pressure, which he controls by limiting his sodium intake. Mr C’s blood pressure and fasting glucose levels are incredibly high, 172/98 and 146 mg/ dL respectively, indicating that the client has impaired fasting glucose. According to research, this is a type of prediabetes which increases the likelihood of contracting type 2 diabetes. Further, Mr C’s level of total cholesterol in the body is higher than required, placing him at a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. A comprehensive metabolic panel also reveals that the client has high levels of serum creatinine at 1.8 mg/dL and BUN at 32 mg/dl, features indicative of impaired kidney functioning.
Potential Health Risks for Obesity of Concern for Mr C
Based on the clinical signs presented by Mr C, there are various potential health risks attributed by overweight and obesity. Among them are cardiovascular illnesses, type 2 diabetes, gall bladder disease, high LDL cholesterol, elevated blood sugar levels, and fatty liver disease (Djalalinia et al., 2015). However, these health risks differ depending on the individual.Mr. C Health Case Study Essay
Bariatric surgery is an appropriate intervention for Mr C. It encompasses gastric bypass and other forms of weight loss surgeries that modify the digestive system as an attempt to lose weight when diet and exercise have proved unsuccessful, or when a person has underlying medical conditions attributed to obesity (Wolfe et al., 2016). Mr C meets all the conditions for bariatric surgery; his BMI is above 40, has hypertension, a diabetes-related disease, and weighs less than 450 pounds.
Assessment of Mr C’s Functional Health Patterns
Health perception- Mr C states that he has been heavy since a child. He, however, has gained about 100 pounds in the past years. He is aware of his obesity and is currently seeking information on bariatric surgery for his weight loss.
Health management- the client attempts to control his hypertension by restricting sodium intake.
Nutrition- Mr C’s diet is characterized by low sodium intake. Given the high levels of cholesterol, it is likely that the client consumes high saturated fats.
Metabolic- based on his hospital assessments, no metabolic diseases were identified.Mr. C Health Case Study Essay
Elimination- no information is provided concerning Mr C’s elimination status. However, the findings reveal a possibility of kidney impairment.
Activity/Exercise- Mr C spends most time sitting as he works as a telephone catalogue center.
Sleep/Rest- the client suffers from sleep apnea.
Cognitive/Perceptual- no cognitive issues are identified.
Self-perception- Mr C is aware of his current health condition and is seeking treatment.
Role relationship- information is not provided in the case study.
Sexuality/Reproductive- Mr C does not identify his sexual patterns.
Stress/coping – it is not revealed how the client copes with stressful conditions.
Actual or potential health problems from Mr C’s functional health patterns are hypertension, sleep apnea, obesity, end-stage renal disease, and cardiovascular illnesses.
Staging of End-Stage Renal Disease
End-stage renal/kidney disease occurs when the steady loss of kidney functioning reach an advanced stage. Here, the kidneys no longer work to meet the body’s demands. Contributing factors to consider are chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis, and obesity. Staging of the disease considers the severity of albuminuria and the glomerular filtration rates (GFR) levels (McManus & Wynter-Minott, 2017).
Stage 1: kidneys damaged with normal GFR (more than 90ml/min)
Stage 2: mild reduction in the GFR levels (60-89 ml/min)
Stage 3: moderate reduction in the GFR levels (59-30 ml/min)
Stage 4: severe reduction in GFR levels (15-29 ml/min)
Stage 5: renal failure (GFR lower than 15 ml/min)
ESRD Prevention and Health Promotion
Prevention of end-stage renal disease requires patients to regulate their weight, engage in physical exercises, consume healthy diets, and control their blood pressure. Cholesterol levels should also be regularly monitored. Health promotion for end-stage renal disease encompasses patient education. Mr C should be encouraged to modify his lifestyle by incorporating physical exercise and healthy diets to prevent furt
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