Communicable Diseases: Influenza
Since as early as the mid-1800s, the development of epidemiological methods and
practices have made a profound impact on a global scale. The effects seen from epidemiology
research can be seen in every country in the world, with broad applications to both infectious and
non-infectious disease (CDC, 2012a). Achievements made through application of
epidemiological research can be measured by such accomplishments as the eradication of
smallpox worldwide, as well as the development of a myriad of vaccines for several diseases
such as polio, tetanus, Ebola, and more (CDC, 2012a). Epidemiology works by studying the
frequency and pattern of health events, as well as searching for the determinants that influence
the occurrence of disease. By applying knowledge that is gained through various studies of these
factors, epidemiology has a goal of controlling and preventing disease in any given community.
One significant and ongoing obstacle for the global community in terms of communicable
disease comes in the form of influenza. Despite the availability of vaccines and anti-viral
medications, influenza remains to be one of the most dangerous diseases and a top public health
concern. A description of influenza will be presented, including details regarding the
transmission of the disease, treatment options, and demographics most effected. In addition, the
social determinants of health regarding influenza will be analyzed along with a presentation and
description of influenza in how it relates to epidemiology, public health efforts, and the global
implication of the disease.
Characteristics of Influenza
Influenza, most commonly referred to as the flu, can be divided into multiple different
types depending on the nucleic acid and protein composition (Premier Health, n.d.). The strains
most pertinent to humans fall into one of three categories, either Type A, Type B, or Type C.
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