Answer both of the following questions for your discussion response using the “Discussion Forum Sample.” 1. A patient presents with flank pain. You suspect renal calculi. What is the pathophysiological reason for development of renal calculi and associated treatment considerations to rid renal stones and prevent future development of others?

Question 1
Development of Renal Calculi is associated with low urine volumes or excess excretion of components such as calcium, uric acid, cysteine, and phosphate that end up forming stones. Renal calculi can also be resulted to by low urinary citrate levels and increased urinary acidity. Kidney stones cause passage of urine with blood, abdominal, flank, and groin pain. Urinary tract stones develop as Randall’s plaque initially at the point where the nephron’s collecting tubule intersects with the renal pelvis in the papilla. The urinary stones grow slowly and eventually pass through into the renal pelvis. Calcium oxalate starts forming in the phosphate nidus once the stones get into contact with urine (Leslie, Sajjad, & Murphy, 2021). Generally, high acidic urine is the main root for uric acid stones.

 

Renal Calculi can be treated through shock wave lithotripsy, cystoscopy and ureteroscopy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. In all these processes, the doctor identifies the presence of renal stones and removes them either by breaking them into smaller pieces or removing them. A doctor prescribes kidney stone medicines such as potassium citrate, depending on the type of kidney stone present to prevent future kidney stones. Also, a patient is recommended to drink a lot of water to lower the acidity levels in the urine and flush away minerals that might form renal stones. Lastly, Hyperparathyroidism surgery can be performed to remove the parathyroid gland (Coe, et al., 2019).

Order this paper