Question 2
Proteinuria and hematuria are characterized by irregular loss of little protein levels and blood in the urine. In men, Proteinuria and hematuria are majorly caused by inflammation of the kidney, urethra, bladder, or prostate. Proteinuria and hematuria are also caused by mineral imbalances in the urine or inherited diseases such as sickle cell disease and hemophilia. Persistent Proteinuria and hematuria lead to kidney disease. This is because most patients who suffer from acute tubular necrosis exhibit urinary abnormalities, the root cause of acute kidney injury (Chaudhri, et al., 2020). Eventually, Proteinuria and hematuria lead to progressive decline in kidney functioning and kidney failure.
References
Chaudhri, I., Moffitt, R., Taub, E., Annadi, R. R., Hoai, M., Bolotova, O., … & Koraishy, F. M. (2020). Association of proteinuria and hematuria with acute kidney injury and mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Kidney and Blood Pressure Research, 45(6), 1018-1032.