Nursing as a professional discipline evolves and transforms with scientific discoveries, technological advances, and
in response to changes in the health care delivery system. Nursing theory has evolved as new paradigms arise,
although the theoretical foundations may remain unchanged.
Integrative/Interactive Paradigm: View of the patient as an individual that interacts and is integrated with the
environment that impacts health as a larger system (Smith & Parker, 2015).
“Nursing is a process of action, reaction and interaction by which nurse and client share
information about their perception in a nursing situation” and “a process of human interactions
between nurse and client whereby each perceives the other and the situation, and through
communication, they set goals, explore means, and agree on means to achieve goals.”
Focuses on this process to guide and direct nurses in the nurse-patient relationship, going hand-in
hand with their patients to meet the goals towards good health.
Explains that the nurse and patient go hand-in-hand in communicating information, set goals