"Driscoll Reflective Model" a reflection framework

The "Driscoll Reflective Model" is a reflection framework that has been evolved into a systematic approach for guiding reflection. According to Adeani et al. (2020), the Driscoll Reflective Model is based on three stem questions: What, So What, and Now What. Driscoll has linked three stem questions to stages of the learning cycle and uses them to prompt questions. The first phase is What, which includes detailing the experiences that will be reflected on, including the specific occurrence, exact doing, individual engagement, and whether the experiences are positive, bad, or a combination of both. As a result, the first stage is to describe the circumstances of the assessed experiences and actions. According to deBraga et al. (2019), the second step is all about "So What." It is associated with structured reflection followed by feeling at a certain moment, reaction, reaction behind reaction, experiencing conflicts with personal ideals, influence of previous situations throughout a situation, and reaction. The second stage is to interpret and evaluate the description to the first question. According to Driscoll et al. (2020), the third stage is about what was learned from the reflection on a specific situation, how to prevent undesirable consequences, how to better prepare, what went wrong, and what to focus on for the current situation. This paradigm has highlighted the change through reflection, which has been heavily emphasised. The third step is to keep the gained skills transdisciplinary and to apply them in future schooling. Figure 1: The Driscoll Reflective Model (Driscoll et al., 2020).

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