Finalized PICOT Question: In nurses working in critical care settings (P), how does mindfulness and self-care practice (I) compared to normal practice (C) affect burnout prevention and reduction (O) within six months (T)?
Searching for literature for evidence-based practice (EBP) intervention to address a clinical issue is essential as it allows nursing students to get evidence from current studies. Consequently, I used the Nursing and Health Sciences Research Guide offered by the Grand Canyon University (GCU) library to access a variety of databases and resources. These database focus on research in the nursing field and other health sciences areas. The databases that I searched for the articles included PubMed which is a free search engine that allows one to access primarily the MEDLINE database of references and abstracts on nursing and other life sciences. The second database was CINAHL or the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature which offers a rich source of peer-reviewed articles, research studies and other resources related to nursing and allied health. The keyword used included burnout in nursing, mindfulness, self-care, and positive effects. These key words also entailed integrating Boolean operators like AND/ OR to enhance the search results.
| Criteria | Article 1 | Article 2 | Article 3 | Article 4 |
| APA Reference All peer reviewed journal articles should be current (published within the last 5 years) and closely relate to the PICOT question developed earlier in this course. Include the GCU permalink or working link used to access the article. | Shah, M. K., Gandrakota, N., Cimiotti, J. P., Ghose, N., Moore, M., & Ali, M. K. (2021). Prevalence of and factors associated with Nurse burnout in the US. JAMA network open, 4(2), e2036469-e2036469. DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.36469 | Othman, S. Y., Hassan, N. I., & Mohamed, A. M. (2023). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on burnout and self-compassion among critical care nurses caring for patients with COVID-19: a quasi-experimental study. BMC nursing, 22(1), 305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01466-8 | Monroe, C., Loresto, F., Horton-Deutsch, S., Kleiner, C., Eron, K., Varney, R., & Grimm, S. (2021). The value of intentional self-care practices: The effects of mindfulness on improving job satisfaction, teamwork, and workplace environments. Archives of psychiatric nursing, 35(2), 189-194. DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.10.003 | Lee, S. H., & Joo, M. H. (2023, June). The Moderating Effects of Self-Care on the Relationships between Perceived Stress, Job Burnout and Retention Intention in Clinical Nurses. Healthcare, 11(13): 1870. |
| Purpose/Aim of Study | The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of nurse burnout and related factors that place nurse at risk for burnout | The aim of this study was to determine effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on burnout, mindfulness, and self-compassion among critical care nurses (CCN) providing care for COVID-19 patients. | The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intentional self-care practices on reducing burnout among nurses and workplace environment through measuring job satisfaction and teamwork among nurses. | The aim of this study was to determine the significance of self-care through identifying its effects as a moderating variable on the interactions between perceived stress, job burnout, and retention among clinical nurses. |
| Research questions (Qualitative)/Hypothesis (Quantitative) | What were the most recent US national estimates of nurse burnout and the associated factors that may put nurses at risk for burnout? | The research question was; What is the effects of MBIs on burnout, mindfulness, and self-compassion for nurses caring for COVID-19 patient?The hypothesis for the study is that critical care nurses (CCN) who engage in MBIs have reduced levels of burnout, higher levels of mindfulness and greater self-compassion compared to those who do not engage in these interventions. | The research question for the study was: Did implementation of Project7 in an inpatient acute care unit affect job enjoyment, teamwork, and fall rates. The researchers hypothesized that registered nurses (RN) staff on the inpatient care unit who implemented Project7 experienced better job satisfaction rates and teamwork than inpatient acute care units that did not implement the initiative. The second hypothesis was that fall rates would decline over time in the unit. | The hypotheses in this study were: i). Self-care has a moderating impact on the relationship between perceived stress and retention in clinical nursesii). Self-care has a moderating effect on the intersection between job burnout and retention in clinical nurses. |
| Design Type of quantitative or type of qualitative study design | The design for the study was quantitative. | The study used quantitative approach or design. | The study used a qualitative design. | The study is quantitative |
| Setting Where did the study take place? What type of setting – inpatient, outpatient, etc.? | The study took place in the United States and involved nurses in a variety of clinical and practice settings. | The setting were three intensive care units in quarantine hospitals in Egypt. | The setting was an inpatient acute care unit. | The study occurred in two university hospitals and one general hospital all located in Seoul, South Korea. |
| Sample Number and characteristics of participants | The sample comprised 50, 273 nurses who responded to the national survey. | The sample comprised 30 nurses working in the selected setting. | The study sample was 174 clinical nurses at the selected hospitals. | |
| Methods Interventions/Instruments | The authors used a cross-sectional survey method | The authors used a quasi-experimental prospective method and conducted pre-and-post-test assessments in both intervention and control groups. | Comparison between inpatient units using data from National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) and Practice Environment Scale (PES) | The researchers uses a survey questionnaire that comprised several questions on perceived stress, burnout, retention intention, and self-care. |
| Analysis How were the data that were collected analyzed? | The analysis entailed using descriptive statistics to characterize the responses from nurses. The authors used means and standard deviation for continuous variables and for categorical variables, frequencies. |