Hypersensitivity is also known as an allergic reaction. Symptoms associated with hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis can range from mild to severe. “Mild allergic reactions may present with itching, hives, water eyes, rash, scratchy throat and rhinitis” (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2018a). “Anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening allergic reaction requiring immediate response” (Falkner, Pathophysiology: Clinical Applications for Client Health, 2022). Symptoms of anaphylaxis may include flushing, nausea, vomiting, fever, rash, hives, angioedema, feelings of impending doom, bronchospasm, back pain, and circulatory collapse. The nurse can differentiate from other conditions by assessing the patient, assessing the symptoms present and asking clarifying questions regarding known allergies or triggers. The nurse will also be able to assess the patient for airway compromise and oral swelling. If the nurse suspects anaphylaxis, immediate intervention needs to be administered including epinephrine, steroids and antihistamines. Once administered the nurse must observe the patient closely to see if symptoms are subsiding and airway is no longer compromised. The nurse has a crucial role to educate the patients of the severity of allergic reactions and potential anaphylaxis. The nurse will need to ensure the patient is aware of the allergies, the triggers, what to do if they begin experiencing the symptoms and must also make sure the patient has an epi pen at all times. The nurse needs to educate both the patient and the family on how to properly administer an epi pen injection in the event of an emergency.
Falkner, A. (2022). Pathophysiology: Clinical Applications for Client Health. Grand Canyon University.
U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2018a). Allergic reactions. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000005.htm