A1. Description of Environmental Concerns According to the U.S. Department of housing and Urban development 63.23% of Birmingham’s housing is pre-1980s. Most of these homes are low-income housing where young children are likely to live. Lead is a highly toxic metal and can cause a range of health problems, especially in young children (Lead-based Paint Resources for Public Housing Authorities, n.d.). Lead is known to cause issues such as behavioral problems, learning disabilities, seizures, and death. Some of the symptoms include headache, stomachache, nausea, tiredness, and irritability (Lead-based Paint Resources for Public Housing Authorities, n.d.). Although, some children may not show any symptoms at all. According to a press release from the City of Birmingham, 4.1 million has been awarded to the city to protect children and families from lead-based paint and home health hazards (The Official Website for the City of Birmingham, Alabama, 2022). $3.5 million will go towards reducing lead in low-income housing and $600,000 will go to assist the Healthy Homes Initiative. In 2017 the U.S Department of Health and Human Services published the findings from soil and garden produce taken from a North Birmingham housing project area. This area is one of the poorest areas in Birmingham. Where 98% of the residents are African American and median household income is $16,864 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2021). 70.5% live below the poverty line, which is more than double the rate of Birmingham as a whole. The neighborhood is surrounded by mills and steel industry furnaces. The smokestacks once produced soot that blew a black film over the neighborhood. The report shows that there are soil arsenic and lead levels that are of public health concerns. Also found in the soil were 7 PHAs (cancer causing agents). The sampling area was expanded to include more residential areas, churches, schools, parks, and recreational facilities. Numerous creeks, drainage channels, and storm water drainpipe systems were also assessed. The EPA has deemed the area a Superfund site. This classification means the area has been polluted with hazardous materials and will require long-term response cleanup. As a result of the pollution and cleanup process, a high school has been closed, churches have moved, plastic fencing has been set up around contaminated yards, and layers of soil has been removed from areas. Many residents cannot afford to move. The cleanup effort has cost an estimated $25 million so far and will take two to three years to complete. A2. Comparison Discussion (Subpopulation vs. Larger Community Population) As previously stated, Birmingham is 68.7% African American and 29.6% are living below the poverty level. This is 15.5% greater than the poverty level for the state as a while. Unmarried females account for 77.4% of poor families. 36.7% of children in Birmingham live below the poverty level as compared to 21% for the state. Not counting residents that live with families, 24.7% of high school graduates and 48.2% of non-high school graduates live in poverty. The poverty rate among disabled males is 24.8% and 30.3% for females. The renting rate for poor residents was 70.6%. For comparison, it was 39.1% for residents that